What is a Non-Native Plant?

Non-native species are species that have been introduced into new areas that have not historically been part of their native range. Non-native plants can be introduced deliberately, usually by humans, or accidently.  Deliberate introductions are often made because a plant is desired for horticultural reasons. Accidental introduction often happen when seeds or plant materials are carried over on shipping containers or by travelors from other countries.  

Tree of Heaven is a good example of a non-native plant commonly found in Southern California. It is native to China and was first brought from China to the United States in 1784 to be used as a garden specimen.  However, Tree of Heaven soon lost favor when people realized it was foul smelling and was able to produce incredibly fast growing suckers. Eradication efforts are difficult and very time consuming because the tree resprouts vigorously when it is cut.  making its eradication difficult and time-consuming.  

Non-native plants are not ALL bad

The biggest concern with non-native species is that they will become invasive.  However, not all plants that are non-native become invasive.  In order to become invasive plants must be introduced and cause serious economic environmental harm or harm to human health. some non-native species do not become invasive and therefore are not necessarily bad.  

An example of this is the Chinese pistache tree.  The Chinese pistache tree is native to central and western China and it was brought to the US for is horticultural value. The tree is often used in urban settings, such as along streets and neighborhoods, due to its attractive fruit, autumn foliage, drought tolerance and ability to survive in harsh environments. While the pistachhe tree in non-native, it has never reached the level of being invasive. 

Naturalized Plants

Sometimes non-native plants can become naturalized. In order for a non-native plant to become naturalized it  must be able to grow and reproducce on its own without human intervention such as  watering or weed control. Not all plants that have originated in other places are hardy enough to become naturalized. Naturalized plants are a problem when they become invasive.